Translation Procedures

1. Translation
     This means rendering the sounds of an SL form e.g.
         Indonesia                  English
         Achmad               -       Ahmed
         Betawi                  -       Batavia
         Orang Hutan     -       OrangUtan

2. Transliteration
      This is a process of rendering the letters of one alphabet into the letters of another with a different alphabetical system. For example,  
      from the Russian Cryillic alphabets into the Latin ones or from Arabic into Latin. No transliteration takes place between Indonesian
      and English since both use the Latin alphabets.

3. Borrowing
     Many types of borrowing are made from one language to another. A procedure often used when the TL has no equivalent for the SL 
     units is to adopt them without change but sometimes with spelling or pronounciation adjusments. Look at the examples:
     Indonesia                        English
     Sampan                           Sampan
     Kampung                        Kampung
     Durian                             Durian
     Memo                              Memo
     Atom                               Atom